Memory

1. Explain the concept of sensory memory.

Sensory memory is the earliest stage of memory . In this stage sensory information from the environment is stored for a very brief period of time , for no longer than a half second for visual information and 3 0r 4 for auditory information.

2. Give an example of sensory memory.

An example can be when a shooting star passes your sensory memory acts fast because when it disappears you have the image still. Thanks to your sensory memory.

3. What is the capacity of our sensory memory?

Our sensory memory can hold a large amount of unprocessed data but only for a short time because it fades away.

4. Describe the concept of short-term memory.

Short-term memory also known as working memory , is the info we are currently aware of or thinking about . Like first we have the sensory memory so if we think or recall that memory for 2o seconds it becomes a short term memory . 

5. What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?

George miller conducted this experiment and it relates to short term memory because it describes that the human brain can only remember in detail 7 stimuli presented at a time.

6. What is chunking?

 It refers to a stradegy for making more efficient use of short - term memory by recoding information.

7. What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?

Two psychologists mentioned that there two , three, and six . Those are the ideal numers for chunking for letters as well as numbers .

8. Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?

Acoustic

9. Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory.

The duration of a long term memory is that its stored permanently so in other words its stored for a lifetime , till you die. The capacity can be defined as infinite because theres no limit for what you can store in your mind. 

10. Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.

In 1968 Atkinson and Shiffrin made a theory that outlines three stage in memory : sensory,short-term, and long-term memory .

Sensory memory: Sense organs have ability to retain information in a sort of unprocessed way trough a stimulus for less than a second. 

Short term memory: Allows us to remember us information long enough for us to use it

Long term memory: is the memory that continues and never stops. You can store a lot of information and remember it whenever you want .

11. Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.

The model contains shallow processing which leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid forgetting . In the case of sensory memory, the model does not acknowledge the neural activity. The model which consists of the "stream of memory" is said to lack internal consistency.

12.Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.

This theory rejected the idea of the dual store model of memory. This popular model postulated that characteristics of a memory are determined by it's location.

13. What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.

Maintenance Rehearsal is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information. Your short term memory is able to hold information about about 20 seconds. An example might be like when i have to remember the pizza number like for a short period of time so i repeat the digits a lot of time .

14. What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.

 This involves deep processing of a item to-be remembered resulting in producing a durable memory , in other words to associate a unmeaningful thing with a thing that has meaning to you.An example might be , you need to remember the term "neuron." In order to permanently commit the term to your memory, you look up what it means , find out its purpose , look at a diagram and study its parts, and think about how it relates to things that you already know . If you do this several times , then you will be more likely to remember the term.

15. Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal? 

Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart presented this theory .